In LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries, “dispersants” are chemical additives used in the electrode slurry manufacturing process to evenly distribute the active materials (like LiFePO4) and conductive carbon particles, preventing clumping and ensuring optimal performance by improving the slurry’s viscosity and handling properties; common dispersants include polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and lignin sulfonates; their primary function is to maintain a stable dispersion of particles within the slurry, leading to better electrochemical performance in the final battery cell. 

Key points about dispersants in LFP batteries:
  • Function:

    To prevent agglomeration of particles in the electrode slurry, allowing for a uniform distribution of active materials and conductive carbon throughout the electrode. 

  • Impact on performance:

    Proper dispersion enhances the battery’s capacity retention, charge/discharge rate, and cycle life. 

  • Common dispersant types:
    • Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 
    • Sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) 
    • Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 
    • Lignin sulfonates